United States Declaration of Independence Essay Example for Free

United States Declaration of Independence Essay John Locke was born on August 29th, 1632 in Somerset, England. He first studied medicine at Oxford University, and then later became a highly influential British philosopher. His ideas and literary works largely influenced people and governments during both his time, and ours. In his major works, Locke wrote down his ideas on topics such as political philosophy, education, and epistemology. In John Locke’s works on the topic of political philosophy, he introduced his ideas on the subjects of natural rights and the social contract. Locke’s ideas on these subjects have been largely influential in the development of the foundation of modern government. One of John Lockes most influential ideas was the thought that everyone had specific natural rights. In his opinion, there are certain natural rights that every person is entitled to have. According to Locke, these include the rights to life, liberty, and property. He developed these ideas in his most renowned piece of literary work called Second Treatise Concerning Civil Government. In this document, Locke writes that people should give up some natural freedoms in order to cooperate with the common law, and in return, the government should protect them. Another main point Locke makes is that citizens in any given country have the right, and obligation, to replace their current government if the regime is abusing its powers. Locke writes Every man has a property in his own person. This nobody has a right to, but himself. The ideas put forth in his Second Treatise Concerning Civil Government inspired the libertarian ideals of the American Revolution, and also set an example for those who lived in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Lockes writings were a huge inspiration to the founding fathers of America, and to the people in the original colonies who read Second Treatise Concerning Civil Government on the eve on the Revolution. His anti-authoritarian ideas inspired the creation of a different type of government that protected the rights and freedoms of its people. The Social Contract theory goes hand and hand with natural laws. The social contract is an agreement between the people and their government, where the people agree to obey the state and pay for its services, and the government will make and enforce laws that protects its citizens. This idea of social contract was also talked about in Second Treatise Concerning Civil Government. Many writers who read Locke’s ideas on natural laws and social contract became influenced by him and his ideas, most notably Thomas Jefferson in the American Declaration of Independence. Locke’s Second Treatise Concerning Civil Government can be seen as somewhat of an outline for the Declaration of Independence. An example of this in the Declaration is when it states that every man has a right to â€Å"life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. † This almost directly references Lockes ideas in Second Treatise Concerning Civil Government where he states every man has a right to defend their life, health, Liberty, or possessions. Also, the first sentence of the Declaration establishes a Natural Law based on a theory popularized by Locke. John Locke was and continues to be a huge contributor to modern governments. The ideas of natural rights and the social contract that were put into the Second Treatise Concerning Civil Government , as well as the other writings and ideas John Locke created were a huge inspiration to many people, politicians, and modern governments. Most notably, the United States of America, where Locke’s ideas were put into the Declaration of Independence, and where he inspired the founding fathers to create a government where the people held the power, and every man had equal rights. Without John Locke and his writings, who knows where America and many other non-authoritarian governments would stand today.

Applying the economic theories in the Market’s Reader to the New Economy :: Economics

Applying the economic theories in the Market’s Reader to the New Economy In this part of the question, I will describe the old and new Economy, after that I will point out the main characters of New Economy and what is different between NEW and Old Economy. later than, I will discuss the demand of knowledge, ideas, innovation, and individual creative destruction, change in market and competitive as the main resource needed to make economic prosperity. I will discuss Innovation reduce costs and improve product quality and how advances technology achieve the cost reduction and reserve the economic scale in good level. Finally I will apply the Economic theories in market reader. From around 1938 to 1974, the economy was built on a manufacturing base geared in the direction of standardized production (It was manual labor). It was organized into stable, hierarchical and generally high-handed organizations. These organizations achieved a competitive edge in the market by making standardized products faster and more economically. They focused on incremental cost reductions and a national marketplace. In addition, that how this organization success and achieved there ogles in most courtiers, for example textile and steel industry. That kind of economic start to collapse during the mid-70s and the early 90s. The crisis included both textiles and steel industry, in a period of changeover from the old economic to the new economic ,a lot of countries loss their competitive frame because others were changing the production process more faster and cheaper. The cheap labor which had brought industries to the South Asia was being very cheap. At the same time, the social demand for the individual has change, workers become looking for a higher standard of living, new cars, washing machines, clothes and bigger houses, which effect the economy. On the other hand, the new economy is rising as a demand of knowledge and idea-based economy. The new economy, which was making success and prosperity used the new technology to produces high quality, low price production, also the new ideas and innovation that apply to all sectors of the economy which enhance the whole economy. For example, 80% of the jobs in US today do not depend on making things, process things, or generate information. In 50s, 60% of the firm's in US could use unskilled labor now a day only around 15 per sent of jobs can use unskilled labor. Robert M. Howe author said ‘technology is in the hands of society at large’. the most important resource in the new economy is â€Å"human capital† – a resource that all nations possess. Development of productive capacity and its measurement is one of the challenges that Applying the economic theories in the Market’s Reader to the New Economy :: Economics Applying the economic theories in the Market’s Reader to the New Economy In this part of the question, I will describe the old and new Economy, after that I will point out the main characters of New Economy and what is different between NEW and Old Economy. later than, I will discuss the demand of knowledge, ideas, innovation, and individual creative destruction, change in market and competitive as the main resource needed to make economic prosperity. I will discuss Innovation reduce costs and improve product quality and how advances technology achieve the cost reduction and reserve the economic scale in good level. Finally I will apply the Economic theories in market reader. From around 1938 to 1974, the economy was built on a manufacturing base geared in the direction of standardized production (It was manual labor). It was organized into stable, hierarchical and generally high-handed organizations. These organizations achieved a competitive edge in the market by making standardized products faster and more economically. They focused on incremental cost reductions and a national marketplace. In addition, that how this organization success and achieved there ogles in most courtiers, for example textile and steel industry. That kind of economic start to collapse during the mid-70s and the early 90s. The crisis included both textiles and steel industry, in a period of changeover from the old economic to the new economic ,a lot of countries loss their competitive frame because others were changing the production process more faster and cheaper. The cheap labor which had brought industries to the South Asia was being very cheap. At the same time, the social demand for the individual has change, workers become looking for a higher standard of living, new cars, washing machines, clothes and bigger houses, which effect the economy. On the other hand, the new economy is rising as a demand of knowledge and idea-based economy. The new economy, which was making success and prosperity used the new technology to produces high quality, low price production, also the new ideas and innovation that apply to all sectors of the economy which enhance the whole economy. For example, 80% of the jobs in US today do not depend on making things, process things, or generate information. In 50s, 60% of the firm's in US could use unskilled labor now a day only around 15 per sent of jobs can use unskilled labor. Robert M. Howe author said ‘technology is in the hands of society at large’. the most important resource in the new economy is â€Å"human capital† – a resource that all nations possess. Development of productive capacity and its measurement is one of the challenges that

Conceptualization Treatment Plan Paper Essay

Abstract This paper is designed to focus on identifying conceptualization and treatment for clients regarding Individual Psychology. It begins with the client’s case study and history because it will give a stronger understanding of how the Individual Psychology theory is effective when working with this client. Understanding the dynamics of what the client has and is currently experiencing will allow the counselor the opportunity to point out the issues and address them individually. Details of the client’s concerns will be addressed, along with different techniques on dealing with the client, and some spiritual guidance to keep their spirits lifted during this process. The writer will connect the client’s flawed decisions with the new taught knowledge gained in counseling, in hopes of creating a stronger marriage and better person. The writer ends the paper by describing why the Individual Psychology Therapy was selected, how this therapy is used to treat the client, an d will describe any challenging aspects that may arise while working with the client. Keywords: Individual, psychology, therapy, theory, technique Client’s Presenting Concern Tina and John have been married for 12 years. Tina and John were both raised from a single mother. Tina never received any male affection as a child and she relied on sex and the attention men gave her. She sought out affection of any kind, but the affection from her husband wasn’t good enough. She also holds resentment and anger for the way John has treated their oldest daughter, Emily. Tina is remaining in the marriage right now, but she is emotionally and sexually disconnected and is planning on leaving. John had six sisters and even though it was a large family, he felt alone. John’s mother put men ahead of all six of her children. His sister’s followed in  his mother’s steps and connected love by men and sex. John never felt loved and searched desperately for love. Despite Tina’s multiple indiscretions John greatly wanted his marriage to last in spite of Tina’s repeated wants to leave him. Although John is not aware of Tina’s plan on leaving within the year he is very upset with her constant threat to leave and go back to her hometown. Individual Psychology Therapy Alfred Adler, one of Sigmund Freud’s students, created his own theory separating him from his teacher, and started his own theory (Stein & Edwards, 2011). Adler created the Individual Psychology, it focused on the individual as totality. Individual Psychology is defined as a cognitive, goal-oriented, social psychology concerned with an individual’s conviction, faith and awareness, along with each individual’s behavior. His focus was on the conscious and social drives. Adler believed that every person had self doubting and apprehensive times in their life, but deserved to be treated with respect and dignity (Milliren, Evans, & Newbauer, n.k.d.). Each person will have to identify their problem and work towards becoming a better person. Adler believed that each person manifested their own life course. Case Conceptualization Milliren, et. al (n.k.d.) stated that Individual Psychology had several fundamental principles, but the primary three are goal oriented goals, humans with the desire to belong and value themselves, and finally each person is inseparable and maintained wholeness through their personality. Adlerian psychology is different from any other school of psychology because it involved holism, purposiveness, and social interest. An unknown author from Adler Graduate School (2014), wrote, â€Å"thinking, feeling, emotion, and behavior can only be understood as subordinated to the individual’s style of life, or consistent pattern of dealing with life†. According to Milliren, et. Al (n.k.d.) there are three principles of Individual Psychology: the behavior is goal driven, humans had a need to belong and want to be desired, and each person is viewed as a whole with unique personalities and behaviors. When the client has started seeing a counselor they have come to the understanding of accepting there is a problem. When counseling begins the counselor must allow the client to address the concerns that has caused  them to go in for counseling. Once the concerns have been presented, the counselor begins to work towards implementing the changes into their life. Some physiological functioning along with the tasks of thinking, behaving, and feelings are all incorporated in the desire to reach their personal goal. Murdock (2009) believed that humans had an instinctive nature to always strive to obtain perfection, and understanding the desperation to succeed one can understand how the human path is created. Adler viewed family constellations into two separate ways to comprehend family positioning (Murdock, 2009, 140). There is a large amount of research differentiating the two ways and there are a vast amount of factors used in comprehending the differences. The first system is ordinal; this is order or number for each child born into the family (Shulman & Mosak, n.k.d.). For example when parents have children they place them in order of their first, second, or third born child. The second system is the birth order. A child’s birth order is determined by several factors. The first factor is if the children born in different environments (mentally and financially). The second factor is the psychological situation of the birth order of the child, which means if the first born does not act/represent like the first born as a leader, or example and the second child acts more mature than the second born will take the first born’s role. The third factor is amount of years between the siblings can amplify, or reduce arguments and fights between the siblings. Finally, the birth order is an influence. Birth order is not set in stone, the interaction with the parents also influence the order. Adler believed that everyone’s life plan was created by the time they were 5 years old (Murdock, 2009, p. 118). John was the third child of the family; however, he was the only one of the family who had a job. His mother and sister’s worked at fast food restaurants, or they did telemarketing while he went into the military to get him out of the city. Although he wanted more of his life than how he was raised, John was not aware of how to express his emotions. He was taught to keep everything in because if you showed emotions as a boy, it means you are weak. So, now John is not able to express all of his feelings to Tina. He can only show anger, or he pulls away from everyone. John views himself as a good husband and father, because he is still in the home with them and in his children’s lives. He feels that he has not abandoned them, so everything should be great in their lives. Despite the fact that John is not involved in any of his children’s activities, or has any knowledge about their school progress he feels like he is a good father because he doesn’t know any different. Goals and Interventions John is not aware of any problems in the family. He views that he is a good dad because he is in the home. He feels this way because he provides a nice home, insurance, security, and the comforts of having financial stability. He is in the home and able to help with disciplining the children when needed. John refuses to go to counseling because he feels that he does what he has to do as a man. He is not supposed to show emotions. He is supposed to keep his emotions in because no one wants to hear a man complaining. Counselors that practice Adlerian therapy believe that any client is able to change. The counselors incorporated three factors that are needed in working with clients, such as: love, faith, and hope (Murdock, 2009, p.128). The love is a general term. In order for the client to want to change they must feel like the counselors cares about them. Faith is shown by a counselor having confidence and is able to support the client. Having hope means that the counselor must ensure the client that they are able to succeed in life. In order for the counselor to be able to help the client, the counselor will need to understand each client, his lifestyle, and their reasoning for their actions. There are several techniques used to help clients under the Individual Psychology therapy. One of the techniques used is interpretation. When a counselor uses interpretation they use all of the information gained and attempt to make sense of the client’s lifestyles, dreams, and circumstances. The client is then able to offer their personal thoughts on how the information is perceived. The second technique used in Individual Psychology therapy is encouragement.  Encouragement is the continuation of interpretation of the client’s lifestyle, dreams, and circumstances. Encouragement is normally given prior to the client attempting to make the change. Encouragement is given as hope, or optimism to help to build the client’s confidence while they take on new tasks in their life. The third technique is acting as if. This is when clients have excuses for their behavior. When a client starts a sentence with â€Å"if only†, this is an attempt for the client to try to make sense of the issue. The counselor should ask the client how things would be different â€Å"if only† those items were real. Once the question is answered, then the counselor will be able to redirect and change the client’s view. Spiritual Application The Individual Psychology is based on the understanding the life of a person as a whole. Murdock (2009) wrote humans have an innate drive to be successful and survive. God created all humans equally, without envy. Attempting to have the clients to view themselves as equals to others will help keep the client spiritually connected and happy. This type of therapy requires the client to completely honest with themselves and others. The goal of the therapy is to assist the client in understanding the wrong lifestyle that they had been living and to correct the thought process. Conclusion This paper was composed from a case study of John and Tina, then it was enhanced with the Individual Psychology Therapy. This therapy was used because I feel that any type of therapy begins with the individual and the individual wanting to change. This type of therapy was a benefit to the client, because it focused on increasing the self. I think the most difficult aspect of this therapy was acknowledging the problem, accepting the problem, and correcting it. References Milliren, A., Evan, T., and Newbauer, J. (n.k.d.). Adlerian Theory. Carter & Evans Marriage and Family Therapy: Retrieved on February 2, 2014, from http://www.carterandevans.com/portal/index.php/adlerian-theory/69-adlerian-th

Essay on An Analysis of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre

An Analysis of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre is presented in the Victorian Period of England. It is a novel which tells the story of a childs maturation into adulthood. Janes developing personality has been shaped by her rough childhood. She has been influenced by many people and experiences. As a woman of her time, Jane has had to deal with the strain of physical appearance. This has a great effect on her mental thinking and decision making. Jane Eyres cognitive and physical attributes have been affected by her environment throughout her life. Jane Eyre was born an orphan and raised under the hands of a heartless Aunt. Aunt Reed stressed to Jane that she was privileged to live so well without any†¦show more content†¦Edward Rochesters daughter, Adele, is a constant reminder of his ex-wifes affair. Mr. Rochester finds pleasure in parties and traveling. He has obtained his fortune through his deceased father. Gentlemen inherit money and land and are born into the upper class. This is Janes beginning of a new life on her own. Janes growth throughout the novel will reflect back to her childhood. B.F. Skinner, the psychologist, explains that a persons history of environmental interactions controls his of her behavior. A persons behavior is followed by a consequence. The nature of the consequence modifies the persons tendency to change or repeat the actions in the future (Stanford Encyclopedia). Jane is nurtured by the people around her and the problems she encounters. Jane has lived a secluded life: isolated from family, isolated from luxury, and isolated from love. When Jane enters a new world of unexpected scenarios, she does not yet know how to react. As a governess, Jane is shown the life of the luxurious. Mr. Rochesters mansion is overwhelming, and his parties are extravagant. Mr. Rochester speaks to her frequently, because he needs someone to listen to him. When Edward reveals to Jane his former cheating wife, she feels a connection to him on personal level. Jane has never felt this since her relationship with Helen Burns at Lowood. Jane becomesShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essays1499 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Jane Eyre was written by Charlotte Brontà « under the male pseudonym of Currer Bell in 1847. It is a semi autobiography and is a mixture of realism, romance and Gothic. During this time women were seen as beings of inferior status. The plot of Jane Eyre follows a bildungsroman. Janes growth is traced from childhood and innocence to adulthood and maturity. 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